A unit of worksheets with answers having 6 sessions on teaching and learning resources of synonyms and antonyms based on New Bloom’s Taxonomy. After completing this unit students will be able to: Use the relationship between synonyms and antonyms to understand each words. Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their opposites: antonym types. Interpret and verbalise pictures of synonyms and antonyms. Find and present similarities and differences between synonyms and antonyms. Test and decide the appropriate use of synonyms and antonyms. Create new sentences using synonyms and antonyms. This download includes: EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (1-5) with their meanings (A-E). EXERCISE 2: Watch the video (Antonyms and Synonyms) and find antonyms and synonyms for the following words. EXERCISE 3: Think of a synonym and antonym for the words in the middle column. EXERCISE 4: Think of graded, complementary and relational antonyms for each of the word in the list. EXERCISE 5: Interpret and verbalise pictures of synonyms. EXERCISE 6: Interpret and verbalise pictures of antonyms. EXERCISE 7: Find and present similarities and differences between synonyms and antonyms (Part 1). EXERCISE 8: Find and present similarities and differences between synonyms and antonyms (Part 2). EXERCISE 9: Find and present similarities and differences between synonyms and antonyms (Part 3). EXERCISE 10: Test and decide the appropriate use of synonyms and antonyms (Part 1). EXERCISE 11: Test and decide the appropriate use of synonyms and antonyms (Part 2). EXERCISE 12: Create new sentences using synonyms and antonyms. Follow the rubrics. EXERCISE 13: Match the given words with their synonyms from the box. EXERCISE 14: Match the following words with their antonyms from the box. EXERCISE 15: Tell whether each pair of words are synonyms or antonyms. EXERCISE 16: Select the word that best completes the sentence. EXERCISE 17: Use Synonyms and Antonyms to answer questions as denoted by the BINGO lines. Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

These Worksheets with an Answer Key perfect for teaching Sentence Structure – Conditional Sentences – Zero, First, Second, Third and Mixed. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these exercises that are carefully planned for student engagement. After attempting these New Bloom’s Taxonomy-based activities students will be able to: Match the terms associated with conditionals with their meanings. Consider the usage and formation to identify the verbs that exemplify the conditionals in the given text. Form and use conditionals to achieve particular effects. Illustrate the structure of conditionals relating them to condition and results with tenses. Identify the common mistakes made by beginners in the use of conditionals in writing. Produce well-written conditional sentences keeping in mind the formation and usage to express probability, possibility and hypothesis. This download includes: EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (A-L) with their meanings (1-12). EXERCISE 2: Watch the video – Conditionals – to tabulate formation and usage of conditionals. EXERCISE 3: Consider the usage and formation to identify the verbs that exemplify the conditionals in the given text. EXERCISE 4: Use the sentence stem to verbalise the action in the graphic to go with the conditional type and formation. EXERCISE 5: Illustrate the structure of conditionals relating them to condition and results with tenses. EXERCISE 6: Test your knowledge of conditional sentences (Part 1-2). EXERCISE 7: Identify the conditional type and tense form of the given sentences (Part 1-2). EXERCISE 8: Provide appropriate conditional and result clauses wherever required. EXERCISE 9: Identify the impact of the use of conditionals in sentences. EXERCISE 10: Identify the common mistakes made by beginners in the use of conditionals in writing (Part 1-2). EXERCISE 11: Identify the conditional sentences that are created to express a particular function. EXERCISE 12: Produce well-written conditional sentences keeping in mind the formation and usage to express probability, possibility and hypothesis. EXERCISE 13: Select the correct verb form to complete each conditional sentence. EXERCISE 14: Write conditional sentences using the given modals both in the positive and negative. EXERCISE 15: Provide an example each for the following conditional sentence structures. EXERCISE 16: Identify the conditional types in the sentences. EXERCISE 17: Use your imagination to make hypothetical pairs of “If… then…” Be creative. Try for as many pairs as possible. EXERCISE 18: Identify the meaning of the conditional sentences and their usage.

These Worksheets with Answers are perfect for teaching Irony – Verbal, Situational and Dramatic. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these exercises that are carefully planned for student engagement. After attempting these New Bloom’s Taxonomy-based activities students will be able to: Define irony types – verbal, situational and dramatic. Examine the examples of irony and state what is ironic in them. Show examples of irony that use language, which normally signifies the opposite. Interpret a given text and identify the examples of irony. Evaluate a text and explain how irony is used in it. Use language to express the opposite of what is expected for humorous or emphatic effect. This Download Includes: EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (1-4) with their meanings (A-D). EXERCISE 2: Take this quiz to recall the definitions of irony types. EXERCISE 3: Watch the video – What is Irony? Three Types of Irony – and answer the following questions. EXERCISE 4: Examine the examples of irony and state what is ironic in them. EXERCISE 5: Identify the type of irony in the following graphics – Part 1-2. EXERCISE 6: Identify the type of irony in the following graphics and say what is ironic – Part 1-2. EXERCISE 7: Identify the type of irony in the following examples. EXERCISE 8: Take the following quiz based on the examples of ironies, and identify their type. EXERCISE 9: Analyse the given text to identify the use of irony in it. EXERCISE 10: Interpret a given text and identify the examples of irony. EXERCISE 11: Follow PEE model to evaluate the author’s use of situational irony in the text. EXERCISE 12: Follow PEE model to evaluate the author’s use of dramatic irony in the text. EXERCISE 13: Follow PEE model to evaluate the poet’s use of verbal irony in the given poem. EXERCISE 14: Follow the PEEL model to explain the reader impact of the use of verbal irony in the poem. EXERCISE 15: Write about any one of the following. EXERCISE 16: Give a sentence example each for the following ironic situations. EXERCISE 17: What’s ironic about the following? EXERCISE 18: What is ironic in “Two Geniuses”? EXERCISE 19: Determine the types of irony being used and explain your answer. EXERCISE 20: Determine the types of irony being used by Shakespeare in his plays and explain your answer.

These Worksheets with Answer Key are perfect for teaching Imperative Verbs or Bossy Verbs. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons. Your students will love these challenging exercises that are well-designed for student engagement. This download includes: EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (1-3) with their meaning (A-C). EXERCISE 2: Identify the imperative verbs that exemplify the following forms. EXERCISE 3: Identify the imperative verbs that exemplify the following uses. EXERCISE 4: Which imperative command matches each picture? EXERCISE 5: What to do during Covid-19 pandemic? Complete sentences using affirmative and negative imperatives. Use the verbs in the box. EXERCISE 6: Complete the pool rules with the imperative verbs given in the list. Use the affirmative and negative form. EXERCISE 7: Choose the imperative verbs that match each picture. EXERCISE 8: Recall the meaning of imperative verbs. EXERCISE 9: Complete the following sentences using the correct form of imperative verbs. EXERCISE 10: Identify the purpose the following imperatives serve. EXERCISE 11: Identify the imperative verbs in the given sentences. EXERCISE 12: Identify the uses of imperatives in real life. EXERCISE 13: Assess the accurate use imperatives in writing. EXERCISE 14: Give an order or command to go with the road signs. EXERCISE 15: Make imperative sentences with ‘Don’t’. EXERCISE 16: Choose the correct imperative verb given in the box to go with each direction to reach the place. EXERCISE 17: Attempt any one of the activities to demonstrate your mastery in using imperative verbs in writing. EXERCISE 18: Identify the imperative (bossy) verbs used in the Classroom Rules. EXERCISE 19: Match each imperative verb (1-8) to the correct instruction (A-H). EXERCISE 20: Use the imperative verbs in the box to complete the following instructions. EXERCISE 21: How do you prevent the spread of COVID-19 in seven steps? Use the imperative verbs given in the list to complete the steps. EXERCISE 22: Complete the zoo rules with the imperative verbs given in the list. Use only negative form. EXERCISE 23: Choose the correct imperative verb from the box to go with each instruction in this Banana Roll recipe.

These Worksheets are perfect for teaching Narratives - Reading and Writing. Your students will love these exercises that are carefully planned for student engagement. After attempting these New Bloom’s Taxonomy-based activities students will be able to: List down the language features of a narrative. Write down the language strategies employed in a narrative. Apply my existing knowledge to identify the plot elements of a narrative. Use narrative techniques to plan a sample narrative. Use PQP or TAG technique to evaluate a narrative. Use precise words and phrases to write a well-structured narrative. This download includes: EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (1-7) with their meaning (A-G). EXERCISE 2: Provide one-word, one-phrase or one-sentence narration to the story in the pictures. EXERCISE 3: Identify the sentences that show the features of the given narrative. EXERCISE 4: Read the narrative and use PEE technique to identify the details that suggest the strategies used for narration. EXERCISE 5: Use Freytag’s Pyramid to identify the plot elements of the narrative. EXERCISE 6: Compare the two narratives to identify their point of view and their impact on the reader. EXERCISE 7: Analyse the given narrations to identify author’s techniques. EXERCISE 8: Read the shortest stories with lengthiest meaning and identify the story elements – Part 1-2. EXERCISE 9: Use Freytag’s Pyramid to organise a plan of a sample narration. EXERCISE 10: Use the PQP technique to evaluate the given narrative. EXERCISE 11: Use the TAG technique to evaluate the given narrative. EXERCISE 12: Use narrative structure to write the final draft of a planned narration. EXERCISE 13: Demonstrate your mastery of NARRATIVE WRITING by attempting any one of the given tasks. EXERCISE 14: Read the given short paragraphs. Choose the voice that you think is being used in each paragraph. Remember when writing with voice it can be: funny, serious, mysterious or frightening.

A package of 11 worksheets with answers on the sentence word order. This resource includes exercises on: Differentiating phrase and clause from sentence Identifying the word order from sentence structure Framing sentences using question clues Framing sentences based on sentence structure Demonstrating word order knowledge in sentence writing Identifying sentence types Reordering sentences Identifying subject, verb, and object in sentences Teachers can use these task cards to enhance the vocabulary, language, grammar, and writing skills of the learners. Here are some other possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A package of 10 task cards on note taking. This resource includes exercises on: Making notes from videos, texts, Demonstrating note taking knowledge in writing Teachers can use these task cards to enhance the reading and writing skills of the learners. Here are some other possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A package of 10 worksheets with answers on reading expository texts. This resource includes exercises on: Identifying expository text types. Identifying characteristic language of expository texts. Reading comprehension of expository texts. Demonstrating knowledge of expository texts in writing. Reading expository texts to find meaning. Teachers can use these task cards to enhance the reading and writing skills of the learners. Here are some other possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A package of 11 worksheets with answers on prepositions of place. This includes task cards and exercises on: Using prepositions to give placements. Using illustrations to frame sentences. Filling the blanks with place prepositions. Demonstrating knowledge of place prepositions in writing. Using map for locations with place prepositions. Here are possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A package of 11 worksheets and task cards on reference to context (RTC). This resource includes: Naming RTC elements in the visuals. Identifying the meaning of a word from the context. Identifying summary details and RTC elements. Explaining the lines of the text with reference to context. Demonstrating the knowledge of RTC in writing. Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A set of 10 ready to use worksheets with answers on dialogue writing. This download includes: Creating conversations to tell a story to match the picture. Filling out the speech in the bubbles to make a story. Using dialogue tags to convert given conversation into a story. Rewriting the given story in a dialogue form. Writing dialogues for situations given. Answering multiple choice questions on dialogue writing. Using dialogue tags to reconstruct stories. Presenting stories in a dialogue form. Unscrambling the dialogues to reconstruct the story. Using reporting verbs to create dialogue tags. Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A set of 12 ready to use worksheets and task cards on descriptive writing. After working with these worksheets students will be able to: Recall descriptive vocabulary for a descriptive writer. Acquire knowledge of descriptive techniques and imagery types. Analyse a descriptive paragraph for features. Demonstrate command of the conventions of description in writing. This download includes worksheets on: Writing descriptive words, a simile, and a metaphor to describe images. Comparing two descriptions. Identifying descriptive techniques used in a description. Describing a picture using sensory language. Demonstrating the skill of description in writing. Answering multiple choice questions on descriptive writing. Using descriptive sample openers to come up with own descriptions. Circling descriptive words in the given passage. Describing the usefulness of any of the given man-made materials. Reading to write down examples of descriptive techniques. Identifying the sensory language used in the given passage. Reading the given description to notice examples of descriptive techniques. Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A set of 11 ready to use worksheets with answers on report writing. After working with these worksheets students will be able to: Gain knowledge of report writing techniques. Apply authorial technique to write varied reports. Analyse author’s use of language and the impact of it in writing a report. Demonstrate the knowledge of reporting in writing. This download includes worksheets on: Identifying the report types of the given reports. Identifying the parts of a newspaper report. Writing a lead for a newspaper report. Preparing an information report on an animal of your choice. Demonstrating knowledge of reporting in writing. Reporting an accident. Answering multiple choice report writing questions. Preparing a report based on given prompt. Preparing a report based on bar graph. Reporting a crime. Identifying the key elements of a newspaper report. Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A set of 10 worksheets with answers of 6 sessions on teaching and learning resources of informal letter writing based on New Bloom’s Taxonomy. After completing this unit students will be able to: SESSION 1 - REMEMBERING: Recognise and retrieve the key elements of an informal letter. SESSION 2 - UNDERSTANDING: Interpret and classify the authorial techniques in an informal letter. SESSION 3 - APPLYING: Implement and execute informal letter writing techniques. SESSION 4 - ANALYSING: Explore and demonstrate the knowledge of informal letters in writing. SESSION 5 - EVALUATING: Check and critique a sample informal letter. SESSION 6 - CREATING: Compose and produce the final informal letter. This download includes: EXERCISE 1: Find, list and label the structure and features of an informal letter. EXERCISE 2: Explain the use of the language, the vocabulary and the impact of it in an informal letter. EXERCISE 3: Use a planning frame to arrange a sample informal letter. EXERCISE 4: Use the writing organiser to organise a draft of a sample informal letter. EXERCISE 5: Use the checklist and the rubric to evaluate each other’s work. EXERCISE 6: Use the PQP and TAG technique to peer-review with constructive feedback. EXERCISE 7: Use a prompt, integrate the feedback and write an informal letter. EXERCISE 8 - Write a letter to people known following the INFORMAL LETTER FORMAT. EXERCISE 9 - Answer the given questions to demonstrate your knowledge of the informal letter. EXERCISE 10: Letters to favourite persons, friends and relatives. Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A set of scaffolding notes on verb forms in tenses. After studying these scaffolding notes students will be able to: Relate verb forms in tenses to person and number. Write the verb stem, conjugate the verb and use it correctly in a sentence. Use sentence stems to formulate the sentences to go with the actions and the tense forms. Analyse the function of tenses using the timeline they refer to. Recognise the usage of verbs in a piece of writing, identify the correct tense and the perspective. Demonstrate tense formulation and usage in writing. This download includes: Scaffolding Notes 1: Vocabulary Overview Scaffolding Notes 2: Present Tense Forms and Structure Scaffolding Notes 3: Past Tense Form and Structure Scaffolding Notes 4: Future Tense Form and Structure Scaffolding Notes 5: Functions of Tense Forms Scaffolding Notes 6: Timeline Diagrams of Present Tense Forms Scaffolding Notes 7: Timeline Diagrams of Past Tense Forms Scaffolding Notes 8: Timeline Diagrams of Future Tense Forms Scaffolding Notes 9: Tenses Rubrics

A unit set of scaffolding notes with 6 sessions on teaching and learning resources of writing a biography based on New Bloom’s Taxonomy. This download includes: Scaffolding Notes 1: Vocabulary Overview Scaffolding Notes 2: Biography vs Autobiography Chart Scaffolding Notes 3: Question Prompts for Biography Scaffolding Notes 4: Writing a Biography Rubrics Scaffolding Notes 5: Biography Graphic Organiser Scaffolding Notes 6: Biography Structure Scaffolding Notes 7: Biography Checklist Scaffolding Notes 8: Biography Rubrics Scaffolding Notes 9: Sample Biography – Helen Keller Scaffolding Notes 10: Transitions – Connective Words Scaffolding Notes 11: Adjective Types and Adverb Types Scaffolding Notes 12: Active Verbs Scaffolding Notes 13: Sentence Types Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

A set of scaffolding notes on sentence structure. This download includes: Scaffolding Notes 1: Vocabulary Overview Scaffolding Notes 2: Phrase-Clause-Sentence Chart Scaffolding Notes 3: Parts of a Sentence Scaffolding Notes 4: Features of a Simple Sentence Scaffolding Notes 5: Features of a Compound Sentence Scaffolding Notes 6: Features of a Complex Sentence Scaffolding Notes 7: Features of a Compound-Complex Sentence Scaffolding Notes 8: Structure of a Simple Sentence Scaffolding Notes 9: Structure of a Compound Sentence Scaffolding Notes 10: Structure of a Complex Sentence Scaffolding Notes 11: Structure of a Compound-Complex Sentence Scaffolding Notes 12: Sentence Structure Rubrics Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment

Ready to use worksheets with marking scheme on teaching and learning resources of suffixes. After solving these worksheets students will be able to: Match the terms associated with suffixes with their meanings. Add suffixes to high frequency and other studied words. Create new words with common suffixes based on their meanings. Use suffixes to form words and use roots as clues to the meaning of new words. Assess and evaluate the correct use of suffixes in forming new words. Create new word patterns with words beginning and ending in common suffixes and frame sentences. This download includes: EXERCISE 1: Match the TERMS (1-4) with their MEANINGS (A-D). EXERCISE 2: Match the SUFFIXES with their MEANINGS. EXERCISE 3: Tick the correct option to find meaning for the common suffixes. EXERCISE 4: Create new words with each of the Greek suffixes based on their meaning. EXERCISE 5: Create new words with each of the noun suffixes based on their meaning. EXERCISE 6: Create new words with each of the adjective suffixes based on their meaning. EXERCISE 7: Create new words with each of the verb and adverb suffixes based on their meaning. EXERCISE 8: Create new words with common suffixes used in Mathematics, Science and Social Studies Curriculum. EXERCISE 9: Interpret and verbalise the graphics by adding suffixes to the root words. EXERCISE 10: Use suffixes to form words and use roots as clues to the meaning of new words – Part 1. EXERCISE 11: Use suffixes to form words and use roots as clues to the meaning of new words – Part 2. EXERCISE 12: Use suffixes to form words and use roots as clues to the meaning of new words – Part 3. EXERCISE 13: Use suffixes to form words and use roots as clues to the meaning of new words – Part 4. EXERCISE 14: Use suffixes to form words and use roots as clues to the meaning of new words – Part 5. EXERCISE 15: Assess and evaluate the correct use of suffixes in forming new words. EXERCISE 16: Demonstrate the mastery of using SUFFIXES in writing. Focus on remembering, understanding, analysing and creating of suffixes as suggested by the RUBRICS. RUBRICS: Suffixes Rubrics EXERCISE 17: Choose the correct suffix to fill in the blanks: -less, -ment, -ing, -ly, -able. EXERCISE 18: Make words using the given suffixes to go with the meaning.

These Worksheets with Answers are perfect for teaching Punctuation – Capital Letters and Full Stops. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these ready to use exercises that are well planned for student engagement. After completing these exercises students will be able to: Consider the functions of capital letters and full stops to identify the signs that exemplify the punctuation marks in a text. List the similarities and the differences between capital letters and full stops. Apply punctuation rules to identify the appropriate use of capital letters and full stops in a text. Use capital letters to mark the start of a sentence, to create acronyms, to mark titles and proper nouns. Use full stops to mark sentence ends, abbreviations and decimals. Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English punctuation – capital letters and full stops – when writing. This Download Includes: EXERCISE 1: Consider the functions of capital letters and full stops to identify the signs that exemplify the punctuation marks in the text. EXERCISE 2: Watch the video – Use of Capital Letters and Full Stop – to complete the following table with required details to distinguish between capital letters and full stops. EXERCISE 3: Select the correct option to identify the appropriate use of capital letters and full stops in the given text. EXERCISE 4: Use capital letters to mark the start of a sentence, to create acronyms, to mark titles and proper nouns. EXERCISE 5: Use full stops to mark sentence ends, abbreviations and decimals. EXERCISE 6: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English punctuation – capital letters and full stops – when writing. EXERCISE 7: Punctuate the following sentences: use capital letters and full stops. EXERCISE 8: Give an example each for the following (names of-) in keeping with the capitalisation rules. EXERCISE 9: Give an example each for the following functions in keeping with the uses of full stops. EXERCISE 10: Punctuate appropriately: use full stops and capital letters. EXERCISE 11: Punctuate appropriately: use capital letters and full stops.

These Worksheets with Answer Key are perfect for teaching Punctuation – Apostrophes and Brackets. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these ready to use exercises that are well planned for student engagement. This Download Includes: EXERCISE 1: Consider the functions of apostrophes and brackets to identify the signs that exemplify the punctuation marks in the text. EXERCISE 2: Watch the video – How to Use Apostrophes – to complete the following table with required details for apostrophes. EXERCISE 3: Watch the video – How To Apply Parentheses And Square Brackets – to complete the following table with required details for brackets. EXERCISE 4: Use Venn Diagram to compare and contrast apostrophes for possession and omission to find similarities and differences between them. EXERCISE 5: Select the correct option to identify the appropriate use of apostrophes and brackets. EXERCISE 6: Use apostrophes to show omission or contraction. EXERCISE 7: Use apostrophes to show possession (Part 1 and 2). EXERCISE 8: Use apostrophes to show possession and omission or contraction. EXERCISE 9: Use brackets to enclose incidental or additional information and a brief explanation or translations (Part 1 and 2). EXERCISE 10: Use apostrophes and brackets to aid cohesion in writing; to convey specific meanings; and to add variety to writing. RUBRICS: Apostrophes and Brackets Rubrics EXERCISE 11: Use the information that is inside the brackets to clarify or explain, making sure the sentence still makes sense. EXERCISE 12: Give an example each for the uses of apostrophe showing possession. EXERCISE 13: Give an example each for the following brackets rules. EXERCISE 14: Identify the bracket rules used in the following sentences. EXERCISE 15: Rewrite these sentences using an apostrophe showing possession. EXERCISE 16: Rewrite these sentences by shortening the verbs and using apostrophes of omission. EXERCISE 17: Identify the rules used for apostrophes showing contractions.